Java Essentials for Testers & Maven Project Setup

Hands-on Lab: Install the toolchain and run your first Maven + TestNG build

1. Install JDK 17 and verify. macOS: brew install --cask temurin@17. Windows: winget install EclipseAdoptium.Temurin.17.JDK. Ubuntu: sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk. Then run:

   java -version
   # expected: openjdk version "17.0.x" ...

   Set JAVA_HOME to the JDK folder if mvn -v later reports a different Java.
2. Install Maven. macOS: brew install maven. Ubuntu: sudo apt install maven. Windows: download the binary zip from maven.apache.org, extract to C:\tools\maven and add its bin folder to PATH. Verify:

   mvn -v
   # expected: Apache Maven 3.9.x ... Java version: 17.0.x

3. Generate the project skeleton:

   mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.qaji -DartifactId=selenium-framework \
     -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeVersion=1.5 \
     -DinteractiveMode=false
   cd selenium-framework

   Delete the generated App.java and AppTest.java - we will use TestNG, not JUnit.
4. Replace pom.xml with the version below. It pins Java 17 and adds Selenium and TestNG.

5. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
     <groupId>com.qaji</groupId>
     <artifactId>selenium-framework</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   
     <properties>
       <maven.compiler.release>17</maven.compiler.release>
       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
       <!-- Check Maven Central for the newest 4.x / 7.x before you start -->
       <selenium.version>4.35.0</selenium.version>
       <testng.version>7.11.0</testng.version>
     </properties>
   
     <dependencies>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
         <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
         <version>${selenium.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
         <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
         <version>${testng.version}</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
     </dependencies>
   
     <build>
       <plugins>
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>3.14.0</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>3.5.3</version>
         </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </build>
   </project>

6. Open the folder in IntelliJ (File > Open > select pom.xml > Open as Project) and click Load Maven Changes when prompted.
7. Create src/test/java/com/qaji/utils/PriceUtils.java. It practises static methods, exceptions, collections and streams - the exact skills used later to validate product prices on SauceDemo.

   package com.qaji.utils;
   
   import java.util.ArrayList;
   import java.util.Collections;
   import java.util.List;
   import java.util.Map;
   import java.util.stream.Collectors;
   
   public final class PriceUtils {
   
       private PriceUtils() { }   // utility class: no objects needed
   
       /** "$29.99" -> 29.99 */
       public static double parsePrice(String text) {
           if (text == null || text.isBlank()) {
               throw new IllegalArgumentException("Price text is empty");
           }
           return Double.parseDouble(text.replace("$", "").replace(",", "").trim());
       }
   
       /** true when the list is already in ascending order */
       public static boolean isSortedLowToHigh(List<Double> prices) {
           List<Double> copy = new ArrayList<>(prices);
           Collections.sort(copy);
           return copy.equals(prices);
       }
   
       /** returns only the items that appear more than once, with their count */
       public static Map<String, Long> countDuplicates(List<String> items) {
           return items.stream()
                   .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(s -> s, Collectors.counting()))
                   .entrySet().stream()
                   .filter(e -> e.getValue() > 1)
                   .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
       }
   }

8. Create src/test/java/com/qaji/utils/PriceUtilsTest.java:

   package com.qaji.utils;
   
   import java.util.List;
   import java.util.Map;
   import org.testng.Assert;
   import org.testng.annotations.Test;
   
   public class PriceUtilsTest {
   
       @Test
       public void parsesDollarPrice() {
           Assert.assertEquals(PriceUtils.parsePrice("$29.99"), 29.99, 0.001);
       }
   
       @Test
       public void detectsSortedList() {
           Assert.assertTrue(PriceUtils.isSortedLowToHigh(List.of(7.99, 9.99, 15.99)));
           Assert.assertFalse(PriceUtils.isSortedLowToHigh(List.of(9.99, 7.99)));
       }
   
       @Test
       public void findsDuplicateProducts() {
           Map<String, Long> dups = PriceUtils.countDuplicates(
                   List.of("Backpack", "Bike Light", "Backpack"));
           Assert.assertEquals(dups, Map.of("Backpack", 2L));
       }
   
       @Test(expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class)
       public void rejectsEmptyPrice() {
           PriceUtils.parsePrice("   ");
       }
   }

9. Run the build from the project root:

   mvn clean test
   # expected (end of output):
   # Tests run: 4, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
   # BUILD SUCCESS

10. Break it on purpose: change 29.99 to 29.98 in the first test, run again and read the failure message (expected [29.98] but found [29.99]). Revert, then commit: git init && git add . && git commit -m "Project skeleton".